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Metode Sorting pada Algoritma dan Pemrograman
Sorting adalah operasi untuk membuat berkas data dalam kondisi urut naik atau turun.
Masalah :
- untuk jumlah data yang besar, perlu adanya metode yang efisien (membutuhkan waktu yang singkat)
- tanpa metode yang efisien, kegiatan sorting dapat memakan waktu sampai berjam-jam
Metode sorting : metode seleksi, metode bubble, metode sisipan, metode cepat, metode radix, metode pohon biner, metode merge, metode shell, metode tournament, metode heap.
1 Metode Seleksi:
Algoritmanya adalah sebagai berikut:
-Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Dicari data yang terkecil (terbesar) dari data pertama sampai terakhir, lalu data terkecil (terbesar) ditukar dengan data pertama.
-Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Data terkecil (terbesar) dicari mulai dari data kedua sampai data terakhir, lalu data terkecil (terbesar) ditukar dengan data kedua.
-Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Demikian seterusnya sehingga terurutkan naik atau turun, tergantung yang dikehendaki.
Metode ini cocok untuk struktur data larik, maupun rantai.
Contoh penggunaan metode seleksi (lihat pada halaman berikutnya):
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I |
A(I) |
Lewatan ke- |
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1 |
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9 |
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1 |
42 |
11 |
11 |
11 |
11 |
11 |
11 |
11 |
11 |
11 |
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2 |
23 |
23 |
23 |
23 |
23 |
23 |
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23 |
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3 |
74 |
74 |
74 |
36 |
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4 |
11 |
42 |
42 |
42 |
42 |
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42 |
42 |
42 |
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5 |
65 |
65 |
65 |
65 |
65 |
58 |
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58 |
58 |
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6 |
58 |
58 |
58 |
58 |
58 |
65 |
65 |
65 |
65 |
65 |
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7 |
94 |
94 |
94 |
94 |
94 |
94 |
94 |
74 |
74 |
74 |
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8 |
36 |
36 |
36 |
74 |
74 |
74 |
74 |
94 |
87 |
87 |
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9 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
94 |
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10 |
87 |
87 |
87 |
87 |
87 |
87 |
87 |
87 |
94 |
99 |
2 Metode Bubble
Algoritmanya adalah sebagai berikut:
-Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Elemen data pertama dibandingkan dengan elemen kedua. Bila elemen kedua lebih kecil (besar), kedua elemen tersebut ditukar.
-Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Elemen data kedua dan ketiga dibandingkan. Bila dipenuhi syarat seperti langkah sebelumnya, kedua elemen tersebut ditukar.
-Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Proses terus berlangsung dengan elemen ketiga dan keempat, dan seterusnya sampai akhir deretan rekaman.
-Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Apabila sudah tidak ada elemen yang ditukarkan, proses berhenti dan selesai. Bila terjadi pertukaran selama lewatan, proses akan diulang. Sehingga akhirnya semua elemen tersusun, tidak ada pertukaran lagi, dan algoritma berhenti.
Contoh penggunaan metode bubble (lihat halaman berikutnya):
|
I |
A(I) |
Lewatan ke- |
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1 |
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5 |
6 |
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1 |
42 |
23 |
23 |
11 |
11 |
11 |
11 |
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2 |
23 |
42 |
11 |
23 |
23 |
23 |
23 |
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3 |
74 |
11 |
42 |
42 |
42 |
36 |
36 |
|
4 |
11 |
65 |
58 |
58 |
36 |
42 |
42 |
|
5 |
65 |
58 |
65 |
36 |
58 |
58 |
58 |
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6 |
58 |
74 |
36 |
65 |
65 |
65 |
65 |
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7 |
94 |
36 |
74 |
74 |
74 |
74 |
74 |
|
8 |
36 |
94 |
87 |
87 |
87 |
87 |
87 |
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9 |
99 |
87 |
94 |
94 |
94 |
94 |
94 |
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10 |
87 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
3 Metode Sisipan
Algoritmanya adalah sebagai berikut:
-Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â rekaman pertama ditempatkan pada posisi pertama dalam suatu daftar baru. Selanjutnya data kedua dibandingkan dengan data pertama tersebut. Pada pemilahan data urut naik, bila data kedua lebih kecil, rekaman pertama tadi digeser satu posisi ke bawah dan ditempatkan rekaman kedua pada posisi pertama dalam daftar baru. Apabila data kedua lebih besar, maka rekaman kedua ditempatkan pada posisi kedua dalam daftar baru.
-Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Langkah-langkah berikutnya, rekaman demi rekaman disisipkan pada posisi yang sesuai dalam daftar baru yang dibangun itu.
Metode ini dapat diterapkan pada struktur data larik maupun rantai
Contoh penggunaan metode sisipan (lihat halaman berikutnya):
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A(I) |
Lewatan ke- |
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11 |
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11 |
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11 |
6 |
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11 |
Lebih efisien untuk selipkan suatu nilai pada tabel yang sudah terurut
4 Metode Shell
Metode sorting ini merupakan perluasan dari metode sisipan. Dalam hal ini, pembandingan rekaman bukan dengan rekaman yang berdekatan, tetapi pada rekaman dengan spasi tertentu misalnya babak pertama 5 spasi, babak kedua 2 spasi dan babak terakhir 1 spasi. Penentuan besar spasi pada setiap babak pengulangan tidak dilakukan berdasarkan suatu algoritma tertentu, karena memang tidak ada algoritma untuknya.
Sorting data dengan metode ini mungkin akan gagal apabila pemilihan spasi tidak cocok.
Ilustrasi metode shell (lihat halaman berikutnya):
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| Babak I |
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7 |
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1 |
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11 |
8 |
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| Babak II |
3 |
7 |
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1 |
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| Babak III |
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1 |
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| Hasil |
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5 Metode Cepat (Quicksort)
Algoritmanya adalah sebagai berikut:
-Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Seleksi suatu perkiraan nilai median dari elemen yang akan diurutkan
-Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Larik ditelusuri, elemen dipertukarkan sampai larik terbagi menjadi dua bagian; elemen yang lebih besar daripada median, dan elemen yang lebih kecil atau sama dengan (?) elemen median.
-Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Dua langkah di atas diulang pada tiap bagian yang memiliki lebih dari P elemen (sebaiknya P<10).
-Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Setelah bagian-bagian cukup kecil, setiap bagian diurutkan dengan metode Bubble
52 Comments
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nyoba kirim komentar siang-siang gini. 01:47
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Mencari pencerahan di rumah sahabat, berkelana di ladang ilmu 07:46
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jreng-jreg,…
saya mau numpang majang dulu 02:47 -
mencari update terbaru 08:45
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Artikelnya keren banget … info bagus banget
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Artikelnya keren banget … info bagus banget
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Ada lagi gak yang bagus seperti ini . 07:55 blog walking plugin can be downloaded blog-walk.com
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Salam kenal …. saya senang melihat-lihat blog anda blog walking plugin can be downloaded blog-walk.com
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cuma algoritma aja ya?
koding nya ga ada? -
tolong dong informasi kelebihan dan kekurangan dari masing2 metode itu dan kasih contong source code
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